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Poster Session 3

Category: Diabetes

Poster Session 3

(968) Mean glucose and standard deviation on continuous glucose monitoring for T1D and perinatal outcomes

Thursday, February 12, 2026

10:30 AM - 12:00 PM

Submitting Author and Presenting Author(s)

Sierra Adkins, BS (she/her/hers)

Medical Student
Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Coauthor(s)

Gladys A. Ramos, MD (she/her/hers)

Clinical Professor, Maternal Fetal Medicine
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
San Diego, California, United States
Ivonne Verduzco, MD (she/her/hers)

Resident
UCSF
San Francisco, California, United States
Melissa E. Chambers, MD

Fellow
Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Los Angeles, California, United States
Prisca C. Diala, MD (she/her/hers)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Los Angeles, California, United States
BD

Brianna Dzyuba, MS

Medical Student
University of California, San Diego, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
San Diego, California, United States
NF

Nancy Field, MD

University of California, Davis, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Davis, California, United States
KF

Kaylee Fitzgerald, MD

Resident Physician
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California, United States
Christina S. Han, MD

MFM
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Los Angeles, California, United States
AN

Antoinette Nguyen, BA

School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
Rochester, New York, United States
MR

Michael Richley, MD

University of Washington, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
Seattle, Washington, United States
Nasim C. Sobhani, MD

Associate Professor
UCSF
UCSF/San Francisco, California, United States

Objective:
This study examined the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and perinatal outcomes in pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesized that higher mean sensor glucose (MSG) and standard deviation (SD) would be associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes.

Study Design:
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of all gravidas with T1D using CGM who delivered from 2020-2024 at 5 University of California sites. MSG and SD were recorded at 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks gestational age (GA). The primary outcomes were preeclampsia and large for gestational age (LGA; birthweight ≥90th percentile). Kruskal-Wallis tests compared the median CGM metrics between those with and without the outcomes. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of the outcomes by CGM metrics, adjusted for years with T1D and diabetic microvascular disease.

Results:
A total of 254 patients were included. Most used an insulin pump (79%) and did not have diabetic microvascular disease (73%). Median time since T1D diagnosis was 14.9 years, and median periconception hemoglobin A1c was 6.7%. Compared to those without preeclampsia, individuals with preeclampsia had significantly higher MSG and SD at every GA (Figure 1). The comparison between normal-birthweight infants and LGA infants produced similar results (Figure 2). On adjusted analyses, every 5-unit increase in MSG was associated with a 9-20% increased risk of preeclampsia at each GA, with highest RR at 12 weeks, while every 5-unit increase in SD was associated with a 20-29% increased risk of preeclampsia but not at all GA. Similar results were found between MSG and risk of LGA, but SD was not associated with LGA.

Conclusion:
Increased MSG is associated with higher risk of preeclampsia and LGA, while SD showed weaker associations. These findings highlight the importance of reducing sustained hyperglycemia, particularly early in pregnancy. Further studies are needed to define MSG and SD thresholds to counsel pregnant patients with T1D on minimizing risk.